1) צרכים פיסיולוגיים
2) צרכי בטיחות.

1) הצורך בהשתייכות
2) הצורך באהבה
3) הצורך בהערכה עצמית ובהערכת הזולת
4) הצורך בביטוי עצמי.

Bruner, J. S., The Process of Education, New York, Vingate, 1960.
Deciding What to Teach, Project on the Instructional Program of the Public Schools, Washington, National Education Association, 1963.
Husen, T. and Dahllof, U., "An Empirical Approach to the Problems of Curriculum Content", in international Review of Education , vol. XI. No. 1, 1965, p. 51-74.
Krug, M. M. History and the Social Sciences, New Approaches to the Teaching of Social Studies, Waltham, Mass, 1967.
Schwab, J. J., "Structure of the Disciplines: Meaning and significances", in the Structure of Knowledge and the Curriculum, edited by G. W. Ford and L. Pugno, Rand, Chicago,